Unsung Heroes

[spidge]

Penicillin - Logistical

We know about Howard Florey & Ernst Chain who made Sir Alexander Fleming's 1920's discovery a reality however the name of this scientist is probably not known by any of you.

He was really the unsung hero by producing enough for the total Australian armed forces and all of the armed forces of the United States in the Pacific as well as the total Australian population.

Those allied soldiers wounded in the South West Pacific after Christmas 1943 probably owe their ability to avoid infection to this man.

Percival Landon Bazeley was a world-class scientist and one of the overlooked heroes of Australian biotechnology and public health. Born in Orbost, Victoria, Australia on March 2, 1909, he attended the school of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney, graduating in 1938. During his course of study, he undertook employment at Australia's Commonwealth Serum Laboratories during vacation periods. Subsequently, he joined CSL on a full-time basis in 1939. Val Bazeley joined the Australian Army Militia in June, 1939, and began full-time military service in the Australian Imperial Force on May 23, 1941.

With the discovery and subsequent large-scale production of the wonder drug penicillin, a project for the production of penicillin in Australia became a high priority defence need. Captain Bazeley was brought back from New Guinea, where he was a captain in the 2/8th Australian Armoured Regiment, to head the team given the task of producing penicillin. Dr. Bazeley visited the United States and returned to set up production at CSL. In the face of great difficulties, given wartime conditions, his personal contribution to the success of the project cannot be underestimated. He was a driving force and spent long hours at the laboratories grappling with the problems of the new venture. By Christmas of 1943, the first Australian penicillin had arrived in New Guinea to save countless lives. In the months to follow, enormous quantities of penicillin were produced in the primitive CSL plant, and Australia can boast of being the first country in the world to have had penicillin available for its civilian population, having met not only the needs of its own defence forces, but also those of the American allies in the southwest Pacific.

It was also during this period that Captian Bazeley's promotion as Major occurred, and the familiar black beret of the Armoured Corps was replace by the Major's peaked cap.

With the end of the war, Val Bazeley returned to university studies, and graduated as MB BS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) from the University of Melbourne in 1950. By then, he had received the O.B.E. (Order of the British Empire) for his work on penicillin.

The early 1950s saw Dr. Bazeley at the University of Pittsburgh in the United States working with Jonas Salk and his team (http://newsbureau.upmc.com/Photos/PolioSalkTeam.htm) towards the production of a Poliomyelitis vaccine. With the success of that project, he returned to Australia to once again find himself given the task of pioneering the production of an important new weapon against disease. Twenty-five million doses of Salk Poliomyelitis vaccine were produced at CSL in the 1950s and 1960s under Dr. Bazeley's leadership as director of the government institution. This led to widespread recognition. He was awarded a C.B.E. (Commander of the British Empire) and was deservedly renowned in the general community where, for example, he was chosen as Victorian Father of the Year in 1958.

In 1961, Dr. Bazeley returned to the United States to work with Jonas Salk at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California. Subsequently, he joined UC San Diego's University Hospital (now "UCSD Medical Center") as a full professor of medicine. At this same time, he also personally funded and maintained a private medical research facility outside Salt Lake City, Utah. University of California mandatory retirement rules forced Dr. Bazeley into private medical practice at the age of 67. He died September 10, 1991.

[sapper]

I was one that benefitted from that wonder drug. having been flown back from Holland and encased in plaster from the neck down, a whole body plaster. I then had anti-biotic injections every six hours night and day for some weeks. I had already had an anti-gas gangrene injection near Helmond Holland. That drug saved many a leg and limbs....The low boggy ground in Holland, I am told in some places gives off a gas that can encourage gangrene in open wounds. I just wondered if anyone buried my left knee?
YUK
Sapper

[Gnomey]

Nice post Spidge, that saved many a life in the ETO and PTO, without the cost would have been much higher. Interesting sapper, at least you are OK now albeit minus a knee.

[morse1001]

very interesting article and posting.